The Corpse Book
1. Initial Treatment Upon Death
Close the corpse's eyes and trim its beard.
Place a sufficiently heavy object (such as a mirror or piece of metal) on the stomach to prevent swelling.
2. Procedure for Bathing the Corpse
Preparation: Cover the body's private parts. Gently press on the stomach to remove any remaining dirt, then clean it with a piece of cloth. Afterward, perform ablution (wudu).
Ghusl: Wash the head and beard using water mixed with bidara leaves. Douse the right side of the body first, then the left.
Repetition: Do this 2 to 3 times, with each splash accompanied by gentle pressure on the stomach. If dirt still comes out, clean it and plug it with cotton (or clay if there isn't enough cotton). Afterward, perform ablution again.
Ghusl Limit: If 3 splashes don't clean the body, you can increase the number of times to 5 to 7.
Final: Dry the body with a towel. Apply perfume to the armpits and prostrate areas (preferably the entire body).
3. Procedures for Shrouding
Trim the mustache and nails if they are too long. The hair of the deceased does not need to be combed. For female corpses, the hair may be braided into three braids and placed at the back of the head.
Male Shroud: Wrapped gently in three pieces of white cloth without a robe or turban (although it is still permissible to wear a robe, sarong, and tie).
Female Shroud: Wrapped in five pieces of cloth, consisting of a robe, head covering (veil), sarong, and tie.
4. Those Most Qualified to Handle the Body
General Order of Priority: The person who was given the deceased's will, followed by the father, grandfather, and closest relative
Priority for Female Corpses: The mother, grandmother, and closest female relative.
Exception: The husband or wife is permitted to bathe their partner. A master was also allowed to bathe his ummu walad (his slave who had given birth to a child from his seed). The leader/Amir also has the right to put the father first or the next in line to lead the funeral prayer.
5. Procedures for praying for the body
Funeral prayers must fulfill the pillars: Takbir (4 times), reading Al-Fatihah, reciting shalawat, praying for the body, and greetings. It is sunnah to raise your hands at every takbir.
1st Takbir: Reading Surah Al-Fatihah.
2nd Takbir: Reciting blessings on the Prophet ﷺ.
3rd Takbir: Read a long prayer containing requests for forgiveness, mercy, a noble place, spaciousness in the grave, and protection from the torment of the grave and hell for the corpse and the Muslims.
4th Takbir & Salam: Final Takbir, then closed with one greeting to the right.
6. Special Conditions and Waivers
Tayamum as a Substitute: It is sufficient to place the body in tayammum if there is no water, the body is vulnerable to destruction (such as a victim of fire or smallpox), or if the body is in the midst of people who are not mahram/of the opposite sex without a legal partner.
Martyrdom (on the battlefield): Not being washed and not being prayed to. Simply remove weapons/sharp objects from his body, then immediately bury him with the clothes he was wearing (you can add another shroud).
While performing the Ihram (Hajj/Umrah): He is bathed with water and bidara, but he must not wear clothes with seams, must not be perfumed, his head must not be covered, and his hair and nails must not be cut.
Following the funeral prayer: If you are left behind, you can pray at the grave with a time limit of up to one month. If the body is outside the city/country, unseen prayers may be performed.
7. Funerals, Condolences and Pilgrimages
Burial: It is customary to use a grave and cover it with erected bricks. It is forbidden to put building materials (tiles), wood, or objects that can burn into the grave.
Condolences & Weeping: It is Sunnah to offer condolences (worship). Crying is permitted, as long as it is not accompanied by wailing that is makruh/religiously prohibited.
Grave Pilgrimage: Permitted for men. It is Sunnah to read special greetings that pray for safety and forgiveness for the occupants of the grave.
Rewards for Charity: Every good deed that is intended to be rewarded for the body, God willing, will be beneficial and reach him.
reference:
umdatul fiqh
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